Volatility Calculator

Calculate historical volatility, implied volatility, and measure investment risk

Calculate Volatility

Calculation Method

Enter closing prices in chronological order (oldest to newest)

For annualization factor calculation

Volatility Results

63.32%
Annualized Volatility
3.99%
Period Volatility
Very High
Risk Level

Statistical Summary

Data Points:9
Mean Return:1.06%
Variance:15.9117
Std. Deviation:3.99%

Return Range

Minimum Return:-4.00%
Maximum Return:6.90%
Range:10.90%
Annualization Factor:252 = 15.87

Interpretation

Very High Risk: Extreme volatility, very risky asset

💡 An annualized volatility of 63.32% means that, based on historical data, the asset's returns typically deviate by this percentage from the mean return over a year.

Formula used: σ_annualized = σ_period × √(periods_per_year)

Where: σ = Standard Deviation, N = 9 observations, Annualization Factor = √252

Risk Assessment

📊 Based on 9 data points, the asset shows 63.32% annualized volatility
💹 68% of returns are expected to fall within ±63.32% of the mean (1 standard deviation)
📈 95% of returns are expected to fall within ±126.64% of the mean (2 standard deviations)

Example Calculation

Stock Price Volatility

Daily Closing Prices: $100, $102, $98, $105, $103, $107, $104, $109, $106, $110

Time Frame: Daily (252 trading days per year)

Returns Calculated: 10 price points → 9 returns

Calculation Steps

1. Calculate log returns: ln(P_t / P_(t-1)) × 100

2. Compute mean return: μ = Σr / n

3. Calculate variance: σ² = Σ(r - μ)² / (n-1)

4. Find standard deviation: σ = √variance

5. Annualize: σ_annual = σ × √252

Result: Period volatility = 3.45%, Annualized = 54.77%

Volatility Reference

Very Low (0-10%)
Bonds, stable stocks
Low (10-20%)
Large-cap stocks, indices
Moderate (20-30%)
Small-cap, growth stocks
High (30-50%)
Tech stocks, commodities
Very High (50%+)
Crypto, penny stocks

Volatility Tips

Higher volatility means higher risk AND higher potential returns

Use at least 20-30 data points for reliable volatility estimates

Compare implied vs. historical volatility for trading opportunities

Volatility clustering: high volatility tends to persist

VIX index measures S&P 500 implied volatility (fear gauge)

Understanding Volatility

What is Volatility?

Volatility measures the degree of variation in an asset's price or returns over time. It's the most common way to quantify investment risk. Higher volatility means prices fluctuate more dramatically.

Types of Volatility

  • Historical Volatility: Calculated from past price movements
  • Implied Volatility: Derived from option prices, reflects future expectations
  • Realized Volatility: Actual volatility that occurred over a period

Volatility Formulas

Historical Volatility

σ = √[Σ(r - μ)² / (n-1)]

σ_annual = σ_period × √T

Where:

  • σ: Standard deviation (volatility)
  • r: Periodic return
  • μ: Mean return
  • n: Number of observations
  • T: Periods per year

Annualization

Volatility is typically annualized for comparison purposes. The annualization factor depends on your data frequency:

Daily
× √252
Weekly
× √52
Monthly
× √12
Quarterly
× √4
Yearly
× 1

Using Volatility in Investing

Risk Management

  • • Position sizing based on volatility
  • • Stop-loss placement
  • • Portfolio diversification
  • • Value at Risk (VaR) calculations

Trading Strategies

  • • Options pricing and trading
  • • Volatility arbitrage
  • • Mean reversion strategies
  • • Trend following with vol filters