Portfolio Optimization Calculator

Optimize your investment portfolio for maximum risk-adjusted returns

Market Parameters

%

Treasury bill or government bond yield

%

Expected return of market benchmark (e.g., S&P 500)

Portfolio Assets

Total Portfolio Weight:100.0%

Portfolio Optimization Results

8.30%
Expected Return
0.945
Portfolio Beta
7.59%
Volatility (Risk)
0.698
Sharpe Ratio

Risk-Adjusted Performance

Sharpe Ratio:0.698
Treynor Ratio:5.608
Excess Return:5.30%

Market Comparison (CAPM)

Expected by CAPM:9.61%
Alpha (α):-1.31%
Risk Profile:Aggressive

Normalized Asset Allocation

Asset 1
Weight: 40.0%Return: 10.00%Beta: 1.20Vol: 15.00%
Asset 2
Weight: 35.0%Return: 8.00%Beta: 0.90Vol: 12.00%
Asset 3
Weight: 25.0%Return: 6.00%Beta: 0.60Vol: 8.00%

Portfolio Insights

📊 Your portfolio has an expected return of 8.30% with a volatility of 7.59%.

📈 The Sharpe Ratio of 0.698 indicates good risk-adjusted returns.

🎯 Portfolio beta of 0.945 suggests lower volatility compared to the market.

💎 Alpha of -1.31% indicates underperformance relative to market expectations.

Example Portfolio Optimization

Sample Portfolio

Tech Stock: 40% weight, 12% return, β=1.3, 18% volatility

Blue Chip: 35% weight, 8% return, β=0.9, 12% volatility

Bonds: 25% weight, 4% return, β=0.4, 6% volatility

Risk-Free Rate: 3% | Market Return: 10%

Calculated Metrics

Portfolio Return: (0.4×12%) + (0.35×8%) + (0.25×4%) = 8.6%

Portfolio Beta: (0.4×1.3) + (0.35×0.9) + (0.25×0.4) = 0.935

Sharpe Ratio: (8.6% - 3%) / Portfolio Volatility

Higher Sharpe Ratio indicates better risk-adjusted returns

Optimization Tips

Diversify across asset classes to reduce risk

Higher Sharpe Ratio indicates better risk-adjusted returns

Positive alpha suggests outperformance vs. market

Consider correlation between assets for true diversification

Rebalance periodically to maintain target allocation

Understanding Metrics

Sharpe Ratio

Measures excess return per unit of risk. Higher is better.

>1 = Excellent | 0.5-1 = Good | <0.5 = Poor

Portfolio Beta

Measures systematic risk vs. market.

>1 = More volatile | <1 = Less volatile

Alpha

Excess return over market expectations.

Positive = Outperformance

Volatility

Standard deviation of returns (risk measure).

Lower = Less risky

Asset Class Typical Ranges

Stocksβ: 0.8-1.5, Vol: 15-25%
Bondsβ: 0.2-0.6, Vol: 4-8%
Real Estateβ: 0.5-1.0, Vol: 10-20%
Commoditiesβ: 0.3-0.9, Vol: 20-30%

Understanding Portfolio Optimization

What is Portfolio Optimization?

Portfolio optimization is the process of selecting the best combination of assets to maximize returns for a given level of risk, or minimize risk for a target return. It considers expected returns, volatilities, and correlations between assets.

Key Concepts

  • Risk-Return Tradeoff: Higher returns typically require accepting higher risk
  • Diversification: Spreading investments to reduce unsystematic risk
  • Efficient Frontier: Set of optimal portfolios offering maximum return for risk level

Key Formulas

Portfolio Return

Rₚ = Σ(wᵢ × Rᵢ)

Weighted average of asset returns

Sharpe Ratio

SR = (Rₚ - Rf) / σₚ

Risk-adjusted return measure

CAPM Expected Return

E(R) = Rf + β(Rm - Rf)

Expected return based on systematic risk

Alpha

α = Rₚ - [Rf + β(Rm - Rf)]

Excess return over CAPM prediction

Optimization Strategies

Maximum Sharpe Ratio

Optimize for best risk-adjusted returns

Minimum Volatility

Minimize portfolio risk while maintaining returns

Target Return

Achieve desired return with minimum risk